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A previous report showed that
2020-01-22
A previous report showed that the transfer of the CSF1 gene into tumor Concanamycin A induced TAM infiltration into syngeneic BALB/c mice. High expressions of CSF-1 and CSF-1R in tumor and stromal cells and a high TAM density are known to be correlated with poor prognoses in many cancer types. CSF-
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Different types of environmentally induced antinociception
2020-01-22
Different types of environmentally induced antinociception have been reported in a wide range of species (e.g., Behbehani, 1995, Bolles and Fanselow, 1980, Harris, 1996, Millan, 2002, Rodgers, 1995). According to Bolles and Fanselow (1980), fear and pain are independent and competing motivational sy
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PKA signalling in the nucleus was thought to be
2020-01-22
PKA signalling in the nucleus was thought to be due to the translocation of the catalytic subunit upon activation from the Yeast Extract receptor to the nucleus via diffusion [72]. However, a new understanding has emerged, as both the regulatory and catalytic subunits have been identified in the nuc
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br Conflict of interest br
2020-01-22
Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. This work was supported by grants from the Jesús Gangoiti-Barrera Foundation, Gobierno Vasco (GIC07/84), MEC () and SAIOTEK (SA-2008/00046).
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What would be the possible off target
2020-01-22
What would be the possible off-target effects of enhancing Ndfip1 to control T cell responses? Increasing Ndfip1 activity could limit cytokine production in macrophages, where it has been shown to function in mouse BMDMs to degrade Tak1 and downregulate NFκB signaling [108]. Whether Ndfip1 regulates
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MuRF and MuRF in http
2020-01-22
MuRF1 and MuRF3 in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, -b, and -c were found to mediate degradation of myosin heavy chain β/slow (MHC β/slow) and MHC IIa via UPS, both, in vitro and in vivo [60]. Mice lacking both MuRF1 and MuRF3 developed skeletal muscle myopathy and hyper
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Analysis of Table shows that compound
2020-01-22
Analysis of Table 1 shows that compound 7b, in which the biphenyl scaffold does not bear any substituent, displays its inhibitory potency in the micromolar range (IC50 = 11 μM). If the amide bridge is moved from position 1 to 3 of the biphenyl system, product 7c is yielded, whose potency is about 4
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The transcriptome analysis of barley seeds in
2020-01-21
The transcriptome analysis of barley seeds in two tissue fractions: starchy endosperm/aleurone and embryo/scutellum, during maturation, desiccation and germination, revealed the large group of GA-responsive genes (Sreenivasulu et al., 2008). These transcripts have been divided into two groups. Nearl
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It remains unclear how LINE RNA Nucleolin Kap
2020-01-21
It remains unclear how LINE1 RNA-Nucleolin-Kap1 are targeted to the Dux cluster. LINE1-Nucleolin-Kap1 may have other interacting partners with DNA binding specificity. For example, YY1 has been implicated in targeting a repressive complex containing Nucleolin to the human DUX4 cluster (Gabellini et
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Enzyme mimics belong to a type of
2020-01-21
Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a
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To provide a brief critical evaluation of this technology
2020-01-21
To provide a brief critical evaluation of this technology and an outlook, we note that performance of SMEPT is critically dependent on each of the components making up this platform, namely the substrate, the enzyme, and the prodrug. With regards to the latter, SMEPT is built on the experience and s
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Additionally both in vitro and in vivo studies showed
2020-01-21
Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that a Ca2+ influx is closely related to apoptosis (Rizzuto et al., 2003). Calmodulin (CaM) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which senses intracellular calcium levels by bind
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The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for
2020-01-21
The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results
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The role of Epac in the regulation
2020-01-21
The role of Epac in the regulation of intracellular Ca homeostasis and contractility is still matter of debate. In rat adult cardiomyocytes, acute Epac stimulation decreased the amplitude of Ca transients [6], [9], [10] with either no changes [6] or increments [9] in cell shortening, suggesting an e
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Several recent reviews have appeared covering different
2020-01-21
Several recent reviews have appeared covering different aspects of the sPLA2 family of enzymes, including sPLA2-V, and the interested reader is kindly directed to these for specific details [34,[135], [136], [137]]. It is important to remark here, however, that recent studies on sPLA2-V suggest that
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