• Findings from the present study indicate that CRF receptors

  2021-03-29

  

  Findings from the present study indicate that CRF1 receptors are especially important in fear acquisition. CP154,526 given before acquisition training, at least partly, reinstated the fear-potentiated startle response and blocked the development of contextual conditioned fear in SERT−/− rats. CP154,

• br Alcohol and the amygdala br Alcohol

  2021-03-29

  

  Alcohol and the amygdala Alcohol and the CRF1 system Given the marked effects of alcohol on inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala and the regulation of amygdalar GABAergic activity by CRF and activity at the CRF1 receptor, the CRF system is a logical site for the actions of alcohol in t

• Homatropine Methylbromide Pattern separation is a process th

  2021-03-29

  

  Pattern separation is a process that takes place in the hippocampus and more specifically in the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis region 3 (CA3) (Morris, Churchwell, Kesner, & Gilbert, 2012). The main source of input in the hippocampus is derived from the enthorinal cortex (EC) that mainly proje

• The significance of the two biomarkers

  2021-03-29

  

  The significance of the two biomarkers for the detection of Aspergillus antigen and DNA in the sputum of patients cannot be over-emphasised. The mean GMI value was higher among CPA patients than the ABPA. This might not be unconnected with the fact that CPA is associated with lung damage and pre-exi

• The repeat sequence TTAGGG of telomere could be

  2021-03-29

  

  The repeat sequence “TTAGGG” of telomere could be directly recognized by TERF1. TERF1 is indispensable for the maintenance of telomere histone demethylase inhibitor structure and integrity (Tan et al., 2017). Trf1 genetic depletion in vivo induces a persistent DNA damage response and telomere uncap

• Further proof is required as to whether ER membrane

  2021-03-29

  

  Further proof is required as to whether ER membrane receptors play a role in the maintenance of bone mass. It is also possible that other non-genomic pathways may be involved. Nevertheless, whatever the precise mechanism of action of estrogens may be, the imbalance between bone formation and resorpt

• Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that e

  2021-03-29

  

  Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that estetrol (E4) should also be considered as an interesting candidate for MHT (Abot et al., 2014; Mawet et al., 2015). E4 is naturally produced from E2 and estriol (E3) via 15α- and 16α-hydroxylase by the human fetal liver during pregnancy and

• The selective estrogen receptor modulators SERMs are another

  2021-03-29

  

  The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are another type of estrogen receptor ligands. The main difference between SERMs and xenoestrogens relies on the fact that SERMs present functional duality and are able to act both as agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptors in different t

• As a transcription factor HOXA

  2021-03-29

  

  As a transcription factor, HOXA9 regulates multiple target genes related to cell growth, including BRCA1 [34], BCL-2 [35], c-MYB [36], IGF1 [37], PIM1 [38] and so on. In addition, HOXA9 is a member of both activating and repressive transcriptional regulatory complexes, along with cofactor and collab

• br Conflict of interest statement br References and recommen

  2021-03-29

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Federal

• br Introduction Epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT

  2021-03-29

  

  Introduction Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process by which epithelial FG2216 sale lose cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain mesenchymal features with an increase of migratory and invasive properties [1]. EMT is essential for mesoderm formation during embryo de

• The ubiquitin proteasome system Ub

  2021-03-27

  

  The ubiquitin–proteasome system (Ub–P) is the main cellular machinery for protein turnover in eukaryotic cells (Glickman and Ciechanover, 2002). Degradation by Ub–P involves two steps. Target proteins are selectively, specifically, and covalently attached to ubiquitin (Ub) chains, followed by Ub-tag

• We initially identified four putative Egr binding sites and

  2021-03-27

  

  We initially identified four putative Egr1 useful site (−39/−36, −105/−102, −107/−104, and −227/−224) on the DBH proximal promoter. The deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that the motif at −227/−224 is required for Egr1-elicited reduction in DBH promoter activity. It remains to be determi

• br Results The AR genotype frequencies are shown in

  2021-03-27

  

  Results The AR genotype frequencies are shown in Table 1. Alleles at the two loci are in linkage disequilibrium, as expected for such closely linked loci and consistent with previous findings (Kittles et al., 2001). The genotype frequency for the DBH 1021 polymorphism is similar to previous find

• br Application of D receptor PET in psychiatric disorders br

  2021-03-27

  

  Application of D1-receptor PET in psychiatric disorders Discussion Compared to other markers of the DA system, only a limited number of studies have investigated D1-R in psychiatric disorders. In schizophrenia, which is the most studied condition with a total of 83 identified unique patients,

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