• Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of

  2021-11-16

  

  Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepatic glucagon pathway has invariably been shown to increase pancreatic α cell mass. This has been observed in glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (Gcgr−/−) mice (Gelling et al., 2003), glucagon knockout mice (Hayashi et al., 2009), prohormone co

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2021-11-16

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• br Results br Discussion secretase mediated proteolysis of i

  2021-11-16

  

  Results Discussion γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of integral membrane proteins is required for diverse biological processes (Lal and Caplan, 2011). One γ-secretase target of particular interest is Notch, as recent work has shown Notch activity to be increased in obesity and associated metab

• br The potential of EPA

  2021-11-16

  

  The potential of EPA-Ffar4 signaling as a novel intervention for HFpEF Conclusions and future directions Optimization of ω3-PUFA/EPA-therapy based upon titration to achieve therapeutic levels: A pressing clinical challenge is to continue to define the benefit of ω3-PUFA/EPA-therapy. Recent ana

• Fpr appears to be an

  2021-11-16

  

  Fpr2 appears to be an indispensable component of the signaling chain governing dendritic cell trafficking in allergic airway inflammation (Chen et al., 2010). The FPR3 agonist FL2 is chemoattractant for dendritic cells, but its biological role in vivo is yet to be defined. Within the inflammatory s

• It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD

  2021-11-16

  

  It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD2 in T cells do not develop spontaneous lymphoproliferative autoimmunity (Malhotra et al., 2010). Further, FOXO1 is known to activate proinflammatory MCP-1 and IL-6 (Ito et al., 2009). To this end, we also validated the downstream target FOXO1 and SMAD2 after

• Nonetheless several questions remain to

  2021-11-16

  

  Nonetheless, several questions remain to be answered about FAAH inhibition to address cannabis use disorder. The trial was of short duration (4 weeks), whereas most clinical trials in this field have been for 8–12 weeks., , , Although motivational deficits are commonly present in cannabis users and

• br Conclusions H K demethylases perform an important

  2021-11-16

  

  Conclusions H3K27 demethylases perform an important catalytic function in mediating change in gene expression, whether it is during cell differentiation or activation, because they remove repressive marks from histones which opens the chromatin and facilitates transcription. The number of publica

• Histamine which was used as the agonist had low

  2021-11-16

  

  Histamine, which was used as the agonist, had low potencies in our functional experiments when compared to its affinity from binding studies (e.g. Lim et al., 2005). This phenomenon is related to the fact that the coupling of the presynaptic receptor to the transduction machinery and the final funct

• The H autoreceptors distributed mainly in the CNS act as

  2021-11-16

  

  The H3 autoreceptors distributed mainly in the CNS act as a negative feedback on histamine synthesis and release from histaminergic neurons. Histamine is involved in many physiological functions such as sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythm, thermal regulation, locomotion, learning, co

• Our data indicate that curcumin reduced MDA

  2021-11-15

  

  Our data indicate that curcumin reduced MDA and LOOH formation in plasma and kidney induced by gentamicin treatment. The results demonstrate the protective effect of this compound against oxidative damage to these membranes. Moreover, the ability of curcumin to reduce the formation of LOOH induced b

• Ras small GTPases are critical molecular

  2021-11-15

  

  Ras small GTPases are critical molecular switches that connect extracellular signals to intracellular signaling pathways initiated by membrane receptors, such as growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (Simanshu et al., 2017). When shifting between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-b

• br Molecular mechanisms underpinning GSNOR function in

  2021-11-15

  

  Molecular mechanisms underpinning GSNOR1 function in the defence response Recently, Arabidopsis GSNOR1 has been shown to govern the extent of S-nitrosylation of two key regulatory proteins, Non-Expresser of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1 (NPR1) and SA binding protein 3 (SABP3), which are integral t

• Praziquantel receptor br Lactate metabolism L Lactate

  2021-11-15

  

  Lactate metabolism L-Lactate is an intermediate metabolite in glucose metabolism. Glucose can be broken down to pyruvate, and pyruvate can be either further oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enter the TCA cycle, or reduced to L-lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In turn, LDH can oxidize L-lactate t

• The activation of AKT and

  2021-11-15

  

  The activation of AKT and ERK1/2 results in the stabilization and increase in the co-transcriptional function of β-catenin [31], [32], [33]. Here, (R,R′)-MNF was found to reduce the levels of phospho-active AKT and ERK, which, in turn, may regulate the abundance and signaling potential of β-catenin.

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