• br Funding This work was supported

  2022-01-10

  

  Funding This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB766 and GRK1708). Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global problem affecting about 3% of the world’s population [1], [2]. Mother-to-child transmission of HC

• Initial studies generally focused on

  2022-01-10

  

  Initial studies generally focused on the co-administration of glutamate with transport inhibitors and clearly revealed the ability of the blockers to exacerbate excitotoxic injury in both in vitro and in vivo models (McBean & Roberts, 1985, Robinson et al., 1993a). In addition to demonstrating the c

• The lactam compounds including ceftriaxone CEF have

  2022-01-10

  

  The β-lactam compounds, including ceftriaxone (CEF), have shown to attenuate drug-seeking in several drugs of abuse including methamphetamine [31], cocaine [32,33], nicotine [34] and morphine [35]. Moreover, in our laboratory, we have shown that CEF can reduce chronic alcohol drinking via upregulati

• br Some general considerations on anterior

  2022-01-10

  

  Some general considerations on anterior pituitary cell type, models, sex and drugs Historically, real-time analysis of native endocrine anterior pituitary cell excitability has been somewhat limited and thus much of the pioneering work on anterior pituitary cell excitability and stimulus-secretio

• Bedaquiline receptor br Structures of human secretase Before

  2022-01-10

  

  Structures of human γ-secretase Before the near-atomic resolution structures, the highest resolutions achieved for γ-secretase were 15 and 12Å [19, 21]. The 15-Å structure revealed a Bedaquiline receptor chamber in the transmembrane domain and two pores at the top and bottom of γ-secretase, which

• Recent evidence indicates that prolonged vasoconstriction

  2022-01-10

  

  Recent evidence indicates that prolonged vasoconstriction of conductance and resistance arteries involves VSMCs sanguinarine mg polymerization, through activation of small GTPases [4] and a subsequently transition to a more solid rheology [5]. Actin polymerization occurs in two steps, nucleation an

• The main consequence of glucose

  2022-01-10

  

  The main consequence of glucose catabolism is the elevation of ATP concentration, which in turn suppresses the ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels gating function. The KATP channels are octamers composed of the tetrameric inward-rectifying potassium channels (with Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunits), th

• Earlier findings from different cancer entities such as

  2022-01-10

  

  Earlier findings from different cancer entities such as chronic myeloid leukemia (Yang et al., 2011), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Jantus Lewintre et al., 2009), prostate cancer (Zhu et al., 2009), epithelial ovarian cancer (Tokunaga et al., 2008), and colon cancer (Mazzoccoli et al., 2016,

• We also conducted analyses on the functional category of

  2022-01-10

  

  We also conducted analyses on the functional category of UP_Keywords and on KEGG pathways for further understanding. The UP_Keywords analysis (D) demonstrated that acetylation and phosphoprotein were highly enriched categories. KEGG pathways categories (E) of ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, DNA r

• Interestingly myorelaxation and the stimulation of cGMP

  2022-01-10

  

  Interestingly, myorelaxation and the stimulation of cGMP production are properties also reported for sGC stimulators, such as YC-1 and BAY 41–2272 (i.e., indazole compounds that were discovered in the 1990s) [35]. They relax aortic ring contractions induced by phenylephrine, and their effects are si

• br cAMP cGMP effector systems in human platelets

  2022-01-10

  

  cAMP/cGMP effector systems in human platelets (PKA, PKG, PDEs) In eukaryotic cells, the effects of intracellular cAMP are mediated by two types of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA type I and II) and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (EPAC/cAMP-GEF) which activate the RAS GTPas

• Considering its role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics the

  2022-01-10

  

  Considering its role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, the Rho kinase effector ROCK has been particularly implicated in tumor metastasis. The ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil have been extensively studied in cancer and beneficial effects have been observed in many types of cancers (Kale et al.,

• Previous studies have suggested that GPR protects from bone

  2022-01-07

  

  Previous studies have suggested that GPR40 protects from bone loss via inhibition of osteoclasts. Wittrant et al. used GPR40 knock-out mice and primary osteoclasts to investigate the role of GPR40 on bone remodelling. Their results in primary osteoclast cultures and the RAW264.7 cell line showed tha

• OSI-420 synthesis Ionotropic glutamate receptors GluRs are

  2022-01-07

  

  Ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate information processing at the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and participate in such physiological processes as learning and memory, development and maintenance of cellular connections, and pain perceptio

• Expression and translocation of GLUT

  2022-01-07

  

  Expression and translocation of GLUT4 are regulated by various mechanisms including protein kinase C isoforms (PKCs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals [22], [23], but the real mechanism that statins alter expression and function of GLUT4 has not been fully identified. It is general

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