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In the past few years several experimental findings have
2023-11-06
In the past few years, several experimental findings have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of adenosine also in driving the phenotypic switch of macrophages. In particular, the stimulation of A2A and A2B receptors seems to play a critical role in switching macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype [37,6
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We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating
2023-11-06
We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of ponceau stain injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are highly sus
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br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs br New
2023-11-06
Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance
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Thus phosphorylation of p was used to measure the
2023-11-04
Thus, phosphorylation of p38 was used to measure the intracellular potency of ASK1 inhibitors. In this assay, HEK293/AP-1luc loteprednol sale expressing human full-length ASK1 were incubated with compound for 18 h and then lysed and the level of phospho-p38 was quantified using the HTRF assay [33].
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Hypoxia of the adipose tissue is a key step in
2023-11-04
Hypoxia of the adipose tissue is a key step in the inflammatory response linked to obesity and contributes to accelerated tumor progression in the obese population (Rosenow et al., 2013). Intermittent hypoxia exposure induces a 2.2-fold increase in the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages an
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Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in D
2023-11-04
Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle Medetomidine HCl synthesis treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diab
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br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity
2023-11-04
AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l
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It is reported that Adiponectin is able to suppress NF
2023-11-04
It is reported that Adiponectin is able to suppress NF-κB pathway, and Bcr-Abl fusion oncoprotein in CML activates NF-κB by stimulating its nuclear translocation and also by enhancing its transactivation function [25], [26]. Therefore, it is tempting to hypothesize that NF-κB pathway might be involv
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br Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy
2023-11-03
Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy Several mechanisms may be involved in specific immunotherapy of EAMG by active immunization with the therapeutic vaccine in IFA. During the therapy, the therapeutic benefits result from diversion of autoantibody specificities away from pathogenic extracellular
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In vitro studies with soman inhibited non aged AChE
2023-11-03
In vitro studies with soman-inhibited, non-aged AChE revealed a species dependent reactivating potency of HI-6 and MMB-4. With guinea pig AChE second order reactivation rate constants of 0.051 and 0.038mM−1min−1 were determined for HI-6 and MMB-4, respectively (Luo et al., 2007). Corresponding value
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Through activation of the CD GOPC pathway attenuated vaccina
2023-11-03
Through activation of the CD46–GOPC pathway, attenuated/vaccinal MeVs rapidly induce a transient phase of autophagy which then diminishes with no signs of negative regulation and precedes a second autophagy phase related to viral protein synthesis [115]. In sharp contrast, virulent MeVs do not inter
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br Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures
2023-11-03
Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and survival through the continuous degradation/recycling of intracellular components. It can also represent a conserved, cell-intrinsic, defense mechanism against invading pathogens, including viruses. The autophagy process can be activated r
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Upregulation of ACLY is common in many cancers Kuhajda Milgr
2023-11-03
Upregulation of ACLY is common in many cancers (Kuhajda, 2000, Milgraum et al., 1997, Swinnen et al., 2004, Yahagi et al., 2005). This is in part due to the transcriptional activation by SREBP-1 resulting from the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers (Kim et al., 2010, Nadler et al., 2001,
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Z-VEID-FMK Cerebral ischemia occurs following the occlusion
2023-11-03
Cerebral ischemia occurs following the occlusion of a cerebral artery by a thrombus and causes cell swelling due to cytotoxic edema and BBB disruption with vasogenic edema (Loreto and Reggio, 2010, Nakaji et al., 2006, Shibata et al., 2004). Vasogenic edema is directly linked to alteration of the BB
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br Discussion br Acknowledgments Writing of this review and
2023-11-03
Discussion Acknowledgments Writing of this review and collection of data from our laboratories that are presented were supported by a grant from the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) SSTC Interuniversity Attraction Poles Plastoscine P7/17 to AVDL and JB, multiple grants from the Fund for Scient
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